Trauma is a kind of multi-faceted interaction between a series of related factors all contributing towards the total sense of distress that is sufficiently strong to affect one’s behaviour, directly affecting one’s mental, emotional and physical well-being. In understanding trauma and its many forms, one is given the opportunity to understand its after-effects and seek for treatment.
Defining Trauma
The American Psychological Association defines trauma as an emotional response to a distressing event, such as an accident, crime or natural disaster. The common immediate responses include shock and denial, while long-term effects may include unpredictable emotions, flashbacks, strained relationships and even physical symptoms like headaches and nausea.
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Types of Trauma
The different natures and durations of distressing events can lead to different classifications of trauma:
Acute Trauma: Traumas affecting a single incident are either one-time events, like a car accident, natural disaster, or sudden death of a close friend or relative an individual has just met. Emotional turmoil and confusion along with the expression of physical symptoms are very common in these situations.
Chronic Trauma: Resulting from the prolonged or repeated exposure to distressing events like ongoing abuse, neglect, or constant exposure to violence, chronic trauma often involves an individual’s struggle with emotional regulation, hope and the development of healthy relationships.
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Complex Trauma: When exposure to multiple traumatic events is operationalized, it also often is the sometimes invasive, often through interpersonal means, chronic abuse of children or domestic violence. A paradigm shift in one’s sense of self occurs in complex trauma, which often disrupts one’s ability to feel or regulate emotions, trust others and develop healthy bonds, and a healthy sense of self-worth.
Secondary or Vicarious Trauma: Individuals who are indirectly exposed to trauma, such as healthcare professionals, first responders, or those who consume extended media coverage of distressing events, may suffer secondary trauma. Symptoms are similar to those of the veteran various symptoms, e.g., эмоционального синдрома страха от другого воздействия, боли в груди, работа в поезде оранжевого цвета.
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Recognizing Trauma Responses
People may respond quite differently to trauma: Normal responses broadly fall under the following categories:
Fight: Confronting the threat aggressively.
Flight: Escape to safety from the threat.
Freeze: Becoming immobile or dissociative because of the threat.
Fawn: To try to appease one’s threat to avoid conflict.
Each of these instinctual responses owes itself to the survival mechanisms, which can give insight into how the person responds to a traumatic event.
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